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7 Ogg Vorbis I format specification: comment field and header specification
10 <em>Last update to this document: July 16, 2002</em><p>
14 <p>The Vorbis text comment header is the second (of three) header
15 packets that begin a Vorbis bitstream. It is meant for short, text
16 comments, not arbitrary metadata; arbitrary metadata belongs in a
17 separate logical bitstream (usually an XML stream type) that provides
18 greater structure and machine parseability.
20 <p>The comment field is meant to be used much like someone jotting a
21 quick note on the bottom of a CDR. It should be a little information to
22 remember the disc by and explain it to others; a short, to-the-point
23 text note that need not only be a couple words, but isn't going to be
24 more than a short paragraph. The essentials, in other words, whatever
25 they turn out to be, eg:
28 "Honest Bob and the Factory-to-Dealer-Incentives, _I'm Still Around_,
29 opening for Moxy Fruvous, 1997"
32 <h1>Comment encoding</h1>
37 The comment header logically is a list of eight-bit-clean vectors; the
38 number of vectors is bounded to 2^32-1 and the length of each vector
39 is limited to 2^32-1 bytes. The vector length is encoded; the vector
40 contents themselves are not null terminated. In addition to the vector
41 list, there is a single vector for vendor name (also 8 bit clean,
42 length encoded in 32 bits). Libvorbis currently sets the vendor string
43 to "Xiph.Org libVorbis I 20020717".<p>
45 The comment header is decoded as follows:<p>
48 1) [vendor_length] = read an unsigned integer of 32 bits
49 2) [vendor_string] = read a UTF-8 vector as [vendor_length] octets
50 3) [user_comment_list_length] = read an unsigned integer of 32 bits
51 4) iterate [user_comment_list_length] times {
53 5) [length] = read an unsigned integer of 32 bits
54 6) this iteration's user comment = read a UTF-8 vector as [length] octets
58 7) [framing_bit] = read a single bit as boolean
59 8) if ( [framing_bit] unset or end of packet ) then ERROR
64 <h2>Content vector format</h2>
66 The comment vectors are structured similarly to a UNIX environment variable.
67 That is, comment fields consist of a field name and a field value and
71 comment[0]="ARTIST=me";
72 comment[1]="TITLE=the sound of Vorbis";
76 <li>A case-insensitive field name that may consist of ASCII 0x20 through
77 0x7D, 0x3D ('=') excluded. ASCII 0x41 through 0x5A inclusive (A-Z) is
78 to be considered equivalent to ASCII 0x61 through 0x7A inclusive
81 <li>The field name is immediately followed by ASCII 0x3D ('='); this
82 equals sign is used to terminate the field name.
84 <li>0x3D is followed by 8 bit clean UTF-8 encoded field contents
85 to the end of the field.
90 Below is a proposed, minimal list of standard filed names with a
91 description of intended use. No single or group of field names is
92 mandatory; a comment header may contain one, all or none of the names
96 <dt>TITLE<dd>Track/Work name
98 <dt>VERSION<dd>The version field may be used to differentiate multiple
99 versions of the same track title in a single collection. (e.g. remix info)
101 <dt>ALBUM<dd>The collection name to which this track belongs
103 <dt>TRACKNUMBER<dd>The track number of this piece if part of a specific larger collection or album
105 <dt>ARTIST<dd>The artist generally considered responsible for the work. In popular music this is usually the performing band or singer. For classical music it would be the composer. For an audio book it would be the author of the original text.
107 <dt>PERFORMER<dd>The artist(s) who performed the work. In classical music this would be the conductor, orchestra, soloists. In an audio book it would be the actor who did the reading. In popular music this is typically the same as the ARTIST and is omitted.
109 <dt>COPYRIGHT<dd>Copyright attribution, e.g., '2001 Nobody's Band' or '1999 Jack Moffitt'
111 <dt>LICENSE<dd>License information, eg, 'All Rights Reserved', 'Any
112 Use Permitted', a URL to a license such as a Creative Commons license
113 ("www.creativecommons.org/blahblah/license.html") or the EFF Open
114 Audio License ('distributed under the terms of the Open Audio
115 License. see http://www.eff.org/IP/Open_licenses/eff_oal.html for
118 <dt>ORGANIZATION<dd>Name of the organization producing the track (i.e.
121 <dt>DESCRIPTION<dd>A short text description of the contents
123 <dt>GENRE<dd>A short text indication of music genre
125 <dt>DATE<dd>Date the track was recorded
127 <dt>LOCATION<dd>Location where track was recorded
129 <dt>CONTACT<dd>Contact information for the creators or distributors of the track. This could be a URL, an email address, the physical address of the producing label.
131 <dt>ISRC<dd>ISRC number for the track; see <a href="http://www.ifpi.org/site-content/online/isrc_intro.html">the ISRC intro page</a> for more information on ISRC numbers.
135 <h3>Implications</h3>
138 Field names should not be 'internationalized'; this is a
139 concession to simplicity not an attempt to exclude the majority of
140 the world that doesn't speak English. Field *contents*, however,
141 are represented in UTF-8 to allow easy representation of any language.
143 We have the length of the entirety of the field and restrictions on
144 the field name so that the field name is bounded in a known way. Thus
145 we also have the length of the field contents.
147 Individual 'vendors' may use non-standard field names within
148 reason. The proper use of comment fields should be clear through
149 context at this point. Abuse will be discouraged.
151 There is no vendor-specific prefix to 'nonstandard' field names.
152 Vendors should make some effort to avoid arbitrarily polluting the
153 common namespace. We will generally collect the more useful tags
154 here to help with standardization.
156 Field names are not required to be unique (occur once) within a
157 comment header. As an example, assume a track was recorded by three
158 well know artists; the following is permissible, and encouraged:
160 ARTIST=Dizzy Gillespie
169 The comment header comprises the entirety of the second bitstream
170 header packet. Unlike the first bitstream header packet, it is not
171 generally the only packet on the second page and may not be restricted
172 to within the second bitstream page. The length of the comment header
173 packet is [practically] unbounded. The comment header packet is not
174 optional; it must be present in the bitstream even if it is
175 effectively empty.<p>
177 The comment header is encoded as follows (as per Ogg's standard
178 bitstream mapping which renders least-significant-bit of the word to be
179 coded into the least significant available bit of the current
180 bitstream octet first):
184 Vendor string length (32 bit unsigned quantity specifying number of octets)
187 Vendor string ([vendor string length] octets coded from beginning of string to end of string, not null terminated)
189 <li>Number of comment fields (32 bit unsigned quantity specifying number of fields)
191 <li>Comment field 0 length (if [Number of comment fields]>0; 32 bit unsigned quantity specifying number of octets)
194 Comment field 0 ([Comment field 0 length] octets coded from beginning of string to end of string, not null terminated)
196 <li>Comment field 1 length (if [Number of comment fields]>1...)...
199 This is actually somewhat easier to describe in code; implementation of the above can be found in vorbis/lib/info.c:_vorbis_pack_comment(),_vorbis_unpack_comment()
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