1 /* gzappend -- command to append to a gzip file
3 Copyright (C) 2003 Mark Adler, all rights reserved
4 version 1.1, 4 Nov 2003
6 This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
7 warranty. In no event will the author be held liable for any damages
8 arising from the use of this software.
10 Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
11 including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
12 freely, subject to the following restrictions:
14 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
15 claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
16 in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
17 appreciated but is not required.
18 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
19 misrepresented as being the original software.
20 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
22 Mark Adler madler@alumni.caltech.edu
28 * 1.0 19 Oct 2003 - First version
29 * 1.1 4 Nov 2003 - Expand and clarify some comments and notes
30 * - Add version and copyright to help
31 * - Send help to stdout instead of stderr
32 * - Add some preemptive typecasts
33 * - Add L to constants in lseek() calls
34 * - Remove some debugging information in error messages
35 * - Use new data_type definition for zlib 1.2.1
36 * - Simplfy and unify file operations
37 * - Finish off gzip file in gztack()
38 * - Use deflatePrime() instead of adding empty blocks
39 * - Keep gzip file clean on appended file read errors
40 * - Use in-place rotate instead of auxiliary buffer
41 * (Why you ask? Because it was fun to write!)
45 gzappend takes a gzip file and appends to it, compressing files from the
46 command line or data from stdin. The gzip file is written to directly, to
47 avoid copying that file, in case it's large. Note that this results in the
48 unfriendly behavior that if gzappend fails, the gzip file is corrupted.
50 This program was written to illustrate the use of the new Z_BLOCK option of
51 zlib 1.2.x's inflate() function. This option returns from inflate() at each
52 block boundary to facilitate locating and modifying the last block bit at
53 the start of the final deflate block. Also whether using Z_BLOCK or not,
54 another required feature of zlib 1.2.x is that inflate() now provides the
55 number of unusued bits in the last input byte used. gzappend will not work
56 with versions of zlib earlier than 1.2.1.
58 gzappend first decompresses the gzip file internally, discarding all but
59 the last 32K of uncompressed data, and noting the location of the last block
60 bit and the number of unused bits in the last byte of the compressed data.
61 The gzip trailer containing the CRC-32 and length of the uncompressed data
62 is verified. This trailer will be later overwritten.
64 Then the last block bit is cleared by seeking back in the file and rewriting
65 the byte that contains it. Seeking forward, the last byte of the compressed
66 data is saved along with the number of unused bits to initialize deflate.
68 A deflate process is initialized, using the last 32K of the uncompressed
69 data from the gzip file to initialize the dictionary. If the total
70 uncompressed data was less than 32K, then all of it is used to initialize
71 the dictionary. The deflate output bit buffer is also initialized with the
72 last bits from the original deflate stream. From here on, the data to
73 append is simply compressed using deflate, and written to the gzip file.
74 When that is complete, the new CRC-32 and uncompressed length are written
75 as the trailer of the gzip file.
87 #define CHUNK (1U << LGCHUNK)
90 /* print an error message and terminate with extreme prejudice */
91 local void bye(char *msg1, char *msg2)
93 fprintf(stderr, "gzappend error: %s%s\n", msg1, msg2);
97 /* return the greatest common divisor of a and b using Euclid's algorithm,
98 modified to be fast when one argument much greater than the other, and
99 coded to avoid unnecessary swapping */
100 local unsigned gcd(unsigned a, unsigned b)
120 /* rotate list[0..len-1] left by rot positions, in place */
121 local void rotate(unsigned char *list, unsigned len, unsigned rot)
125 unsigned char *start, *last, *to, *from;
127 /* normalize rot and handle degenerate cases */
129 if (rot >= len) rot %= len;
130 if (rot == 0) return;
132 /* pointer to last entry in list */
133 last = list + (len - 1);
135 /* do simple left shift by one */
138 memcpy(list, list + 1, len - 1);
143 /* do simple right shift by one */
144 if (rot == len - 1) {
146 memmove(list + 1, list, len - 1);
151 /* otherwise do rotate as a set of cycles in place */
152 cycles = gcd(len, rot); /* number of cycles */
154 start = from = list + cycles; /* start index is arbitrary */
155 tmp = *from; /* save entry to be overwritten */
157 to = from; /* next step in cycle */
158 from += rot; /* go right rot positions */
159 if (from > last) from -= len; /* (pointer better not wrap) */
160 if (from == start) break; /* all but one shifted */
161 *to = *from; /* shift left */
163 *to = tmp; /* complete the circle */
167 /* structure for gzip file read operations */
169 int fd; /* file descriptor */
170 int size; /* 1 << size is bytes in buf */
171 unsigned left; /* bytes available at next */
172 unsigned char *buf; /* buffer */
173 unsigned char *next; /* next byte in buffer */
174 char *name; /* file name for error messages */
178 local int readin(file *in)
182 len = read(in->fd, in->buf, 1 << in->size);
183 if (len == -1) bye("error reading ", in->name);
184 in->left = (unsigned)len;
189 /* read from file in, exit if end-of-file */
190 local int readmore(file *in)
192 if (readin(in) == 0) bye("unexpected end of ", in->name);
196 #define read1(in) (in->left == 0 ? readmore(in) : 0, \
197 in->left--, *(in->next)++)
199 /* skip over n bytes of in */
200 local void skip(file *in, unsigned n)
206 bypass = n & ~((1U << in->size) - 1);
208 if (lseek(in->fd, (off_t)bypass, SEEK_CUR) == -1)
209 bye("seeking ", in->name);
214 bye("unexpected end of ", in->name);
220 /* read a four-byte unsigned integer, little-endian, from in */
221 unsigned long read4(file *in)
226 val += (unsigned)read1(in) << 8;
227 val += (unsigned long)read1(in) << 16;
228 val += (unsigned long)read1(in) << 24;
232 /* skip over gzip header */
233 local void gzheader(file *in)
238 if (read1(in) != 31 || read1(in) != 139) bye(in->name, " not a gzip file");
239 if (read1(in) != 8) bye("unknown compression method in", in->name);
241 if (flags & 0xe0) bye("unknown header flags set in", in->name);
245 n += (unsigned)(read1(in)) << 8;
248 if (flags & 8) while (read1(in) != 0) ;
249 if (flags & 16) while (read1(in) != 0) ;
250 if (flags & 2) skip(in, 2);
253 /* decompress gzip file "name", return strm with a deflate stream ready to
254 continue compression of the data in the gzip file, and return a file
255 descriptor pointing to where to write the compressed data -- the deflate
256 stream is initialized to compress using level "level" */
257 local int gzscan(char *name, z_stream *strm, int level)
259 int ret, lastbit, left, full;
261 unsigned long crc, tot;
262 unsigned char *window;
268 gz.fd = open(name, O_RDWR, 0);
269 if (gz.fd == -1) bye("cannot open ", name);
270 gz.buf = malloc(CHUNK);
271 if (gz.buf == NULL) bye("out of memory", "");
275 /* skip gzip header */
278 /* prepare to decompress */
279 window = malloc(DSIZE);
280 if (window == NULL) bye("out of memory", "");
281 strm->zalloc = Z_NULL;
282 strm->zfree = Z_NULL;
283 strm->opaque = Z_NULL;
284 ret = inflateInit2(strm, -15);
285 if (ret != Z_OK) bye("out of memory", " or library mismatch");
287 /* decompress the deflate stream, saving append information */
289 lastoff = lseek(gz.fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) - gz.left;
291 strm->avail_in = gz.left;
292 strm->next_in = gz.next;
293 crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
296 /* if needed, get more input */
297 if (strm->avail_in == 0) {
299 strm->avail_in = gz.left;
300 strm->next_in = gz.next;
303 /* set up output to next available section of sliding window */
304 strm->avail_out = DSIZE - have;
305 strm->next_out = window + have;
307 /* inflate and check for errors */
308 ret = inflate(strm, Z_BLOCK);
309 if (ret == Z_STREAM_ERROR) bye("internal stream error!", "");
310 if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR) bye("out of memory", "");
311 if (ret == Z_DATA_ERROR)
312 bye("invalid compressed data--format violated in", name);
314 /* update crc and sliding window pointer */
315 crc = crc32(crc, window + have, DSIZE - have - strm->avail_out);
317 have = DSIZE - strm->avail_out;
323 /* process end of block */
324 if (strm->data_type & 128) {
325 if (strm->data_type & 64)
326 left = strm->data_type & 0x1f;
328 lastbit = strm->data_type & 0x1f;
329 lastoff = lseek(gz.fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) - strm->avail_in;
332 } while (ret != Z_STREAM_END);
334 gz.left = strm->avail_in;
335 gz.next = strm->next_in;
337 /* save the location of the end of the compressed data */
338 end = lseek(gz.fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) - gz.left;
340 /* check gzip trailer and save total for deflate */
341 if (crc != read4(&gz))
342 bye("invalid compressed data--crc mismatch in ", name);
343 tot = strm->total_out;
344 if ((tot & 0xffffffffUL) != read4(&gz))
345 bye("invalid compressed data--length mismatch in", name);
347 /* if not at end of file, warn */
348 if (gz.left || readin(&gz))
350 "gzappend warning: junk at end of gzip file overwritten\n");
352 /* clear last block bit */
353 lseek(gz.fd, lastoff - (lastbit != 0), SEEK_SET);
354 if (read(gz.fd, gz.buf, 1) != 1) bye("reading after seek on ", name);
355 *gz.buf = (unsigned char)(*gz.buf ^ (1 << ((8 - lastbit) & 7)));
356 lseek(gz.fd, -1L, SEEK_CUR);
357 if (write(gz.fd, gz.buf, 1) != 1) bye("writing after seek to ", name);
359 /* if window wrapped, build dictionary from window by rotating */
361 rotate(window, DSIZE, have);
365 /* set up deflate stream with window, crc, total_in, and leftover bits */
366 ret = deflateInit2(strm, level, Z_DEFLATED, -15, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
367 if (ret != Z_OK) bye("out of memory", "");
368 deflateSetDictionary(strm, window, have);
370 strm->total_in = tot;
372 lseek(gz.fd, --end, SEEK_SET);
373 if (read(gz.fd, gz.buf, 1) != 1) bye("reading after seek on ", name);
374 deflatePrime(strm, 8 - left, *gz.buf);
376 lseek(gz.fd, end, SEEK_SET);
378 /* clean up and return */
384 /* append file "name" to gzip file gd using deflate stream strm -- if last
385 is true, then finish off the deflate stream at the end */
386 local void gztack(char *name, int gd, z_stream *strm, int last)
390 unsigned char *in, *out;
392 /* open file to compress and append */
395 fd = open(name, O_RDONLY, 0);
397 fprintf(stderr, "gzappend warning: %s not found, skipping ...\n",
401 /* allocate buffers */
402 in = fd == -1 ? NULL : malloc(CHUNK);
404 if (out == NULL) bye("out of memory", "");
406 /* compress input file and append to gzip file */
409 len = fd == -1 ? 0 : read(fd, in, CHUNK);
412 "gzappend warning: error reading %s, skipping rest ...\n",
416 strm->avail_in = (unsigned)len;
418 if (len) strm->adler = crc32(strm->adler, in, (unsigned)len);
420 /* compress and write all available output */
422 strm->avail_out = CHUNK;
423 strm->next_out = out;
424 ret = deflate(strm, last && len == 0 ? Z_FINISH : Z_NO_FLUSH);
425 left = CHUNK - strm->avail_out;
427 len = write(gd, out + CHUNK - strm->avail_out - left, left);
428 if (len == -1) bye("writing gzip file", "");
429 left -= (unsigned)len;
431 } while (strm->avail_out == 0 && ret != Z_STREAM_END);
434 /* write trailer after last entry */
437 out[0] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler);
438 out[1] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler >> 8);
439 out[2] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler >> 16);
440 out[3] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler >> 24);
441 out[4] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in);
442 out[5] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in >> 8);
443 out[6] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in >> 16);
444 out[7] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in >> 24);
447 ret = write(gd, out + 8 - len, len);
448 if (ret == -1) bye("writing gzip file", "");
454 /* clean up and return */
456 if (in != NULL) free(in);
457 if (fd > 0) close(fd);
460 /* process the compression level option if present, scan the gzip file, and
461 append the specified files, or append the data from stdin if no other file
462 names are provided on the command line -- the gzip file must be writable
464 int main(int argc, char **argv)
469 /* ignore command name */
472 /* provide usage if no arguments */
474 printf("gzappend 1.1 (4 Nov 2003) Copyright (C) 2003 Mark Adler\n");
476 "usage: gzappend [-level] file.gz [ addthis [ andthis ... ]]\n");
480 /* set compression level */
481 level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
482 if (argv[0][0] == '-') {
483 if (argv[0][1] < '0' || argv[0][1] > '9' || argv[0][2] != 0)
484 bye("invalid compression level", "");
485 level = argv[0][1] - '0';
486 if (*++argv == NULL) bye("no gzip file name after options", "");
489 /* prepare to append to gzip file */
490 gd = gzscan(*argv++, &strm, level);
492 /* append files on command line, or from stdin if none */
494 gztack(NULL, gd, &strm, 1);
497 gztack(*argv, gd, &strm, argv[1] == NULL);
498 } while (*++argv != NULL);