1 /* fitblk.c: example of fitting compressed output to a specified size
2 Not copyrighted -- provided to the public domain
3 Version 1.1 25 November 2004 Mark Adler */
6 1.0 24 Nov 2004 First version
7 1.1 25 Nov 2004 Change deflateInit2() to deflateInit()
8 Use fixed-size, stack-allocated raw buffers
9 Simplify code moving compression to subroutines
10 Use assert() for internal errors
11 Add detailed description of approach
14 /* Approach to just fitting a requested compressed size:
16 fitblk performs three compression passes on a portion of the input
17 data in order to determine how much of that input will compress to
18 nearly the requested output block size. The first pass generates
19 enough deflate blocks to produce output to fill the requested
20 output size plus a specfied excess amount (see the EXCESS define
21 below). The last deflate block may go quite a bit past that, but
22 is discarded. The second pass decompresses and recompresses just
23 the compressed data that fit in the requested plus excess sized
24 buffer. The deflate process is terminated after that amount of
25 input, which is less than the amount consumed on the first pass.
26 The last deflate block of the result will be of a comparable size
27 to the final product, so that the header for that deflate block and
28 the compression ratio for that block will be about the same as in
29 the final product. The third compression pass decompresses the
30 result of the second step, but only the compressed data up to the
31 requested size minus an amount to allow the compressed stream to
32 complete (see the MARGIN define below). That will result in a
33 final compressed stream whose length is less than or equal to the
34 requested size. Assuming sufficient input and a requested size
35 greater than a few hundred bytes, the shortfall will typically be
38 If the input is short enough that the first compression completes
39 before filling the requested output size, then that compressed
40 stream is return with no recompression.
42 EXCESS is chosen to be just greater than the shortfall seen in a
43 two pass approach similar to the above. That shortfall is due to
44 the last deflate block compressing more efficiently with a smaller
45 header on the second pass. EXCESS is set to be large enough so
46 that there is enough uncompressed data for the second pass to fill
47 out the requested size, and small enough so that the final deflate
48 block of the second pass will be close in size to the final deflate
49 block of the third and final pass. MARGIN is chosen to be just
50 large enough to assure that the final compression has enough room
51 to complete in all cases.
61 /* print nastygram and leave */
62 local void quit(char *why)
64 fprintf(stderr, "fitblk abort: %s\n", why);
68 #define RAWLEN 4096 /* intermediate uncompressed buffer size */
70 /* compress from file to def until provided buffer is full or end of
71 input reached; return last deflate() return value, or Z_ERRNO if
72 there was read error on the file */
73 local int partcompress(FILE *in, z_streamp def)
76 unsigned char raw[RAWLEN];
80 def->avail_in = fread(raw, 1, RAWLEN, in);
86 ret = deflate(def, flush);
87 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
88 } while (def->avail_out != 0 && flush == Z_NO_FLUSH);
92 /* recompress from inf's input to def's output; the input for inf and
93 the output for def are set in those structures before calling;
94 return last deflate() return value, or Z_MEM_ERROR if inflate()
95 was not able to allocate enough memory when it needed to */
96 local int recompress(z_streamp inf, z_streamp def)
99 unsigned char raw[RAWLEN];
104 inf->avail_out = RAWLEN;
106 ret = inflate(inf, Z_NO_FLUSH);
107 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR && ret != Z_DATA_ERROR &&
109 if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)
112 /* compress what was decompresed until done or no room */
113 def->avail_in = RAWLEN - inf->avail_out;
115 if (inf->avail_out != 0)
117 ret = deflate(def, flush);
118 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
119 } while (ret != Z_STREAM_END && def->avail_out != 0);
123 #define EXCESS 256 /* empirically determined stream overage */
124 #define MARGIN 8 /* amount to back off for completion */
126 /* compress from stdin to fixed-size block on stdout */
127 int main(int argc, char **argv)
129 int ret; /* return code */
130 unsigned size; /* requested fixed output block size */
131 unsigned have; /* bytes written by deflate() call */
132 unsigned char *blk; /* intermediate and final stream */
133 unsigned char *tmp; /* close to desired size stream */
134 z_stream def, inf; /* zlib deflate and inflate states */
136 /* get requested output size */
138 quit("need one argument: size of output block");
139 ret = strtol(argv[1], argv + 1, 10);
141 quit("argument must be a number");
142 if (ret < 8) /* 8 is minimum zlib stream size */
143 quit("need positive size of 8 or greater");
144 size = (unsigned)ret;
146 /* allocate memory for buffers and compression engine */
147 blk = malloc(size + EXCESS);
151 ret = deflateInit(&def, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION);
152 if (ret != Z_OK || blk == NULL)
153 quit("out of memory");
155 /* compress from stdin until output full, or no more input */
156 def.avail_out = size + EXCESS;
158 ret = partcompress(stdin, &def);
160 quit("error reading input");
162 /* if it all fit, then size was undersubscribed -- done! */
163 if (ret == Z_STREAM_END && def.avail_out >= EXCESS) {
164 /* write block to stdout */
165 have = size + EXCESS - def.avail_out;
166 if (fwrite(blk, 1, have, stdout) != have || ferror(stdout))
167 quit("error writing output");
169 /* clean up and print results to stderr */
170 ret = deflateEnd(&def);
171 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
174 "%u bytes unused out of %u requested (all input)\n",
179 /* it didn't all fit -- set up for recompression */
184 inf.next_in = Z_NULL;
185 ret = inflateInit(&inf);
186 tmp = malloc(size + EXCESS);
187 if (ret != Z_OK || tmp == NULL)
188 quit("out of memory");
189 ret = deflateReset(&def);
190 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
192 /* do first recompression close to the right amount */
193 inf.avail_in = size + EXCESS;
195 def.avail_out = size + EXCESS;
197 ret = recompress(&inf, &def);
198 if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)
199 quit("out of memory");
201 /* set up for next reocmpression */
202 ret = inflateReset(&inf);
203 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
204 ret = deflateReset(&def);
205 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
207 /* do second and final recompression (third compression) */
208 inf.avail_in = size - MARGIN; /* assure stream will complete */
210 def.avail_out = size;
212 ret = recompress(&inf, &def);
213 if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)
214 quit("out of memory");
215 assert(ret == Z_STREAM_END); /* otherwise MARGIN too small */
217 /* done -- write block to stdout */
218 have = size - def.avail_out;
219 if (fwrite(blk, 1, have, stdout) != have || ferror(stdout))
220 quit("error writing output");
222 /* clean up and print results to stderr */
224 ret = inflateEnd(&inf);
225 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
226 ret = deflateEnd(&def);
227 assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
230 "%u bytes unused out of %u requested (%lu input)\n",
231 size - have, size, def.total_in);